Public Health During the Industrial Revolution

One important impact of the industrial revolution (such as the use of coal, iron, and steam) was rapid urbanization, as new and expanding industry caused villages and towns to swell, sometimes into vast cities. The Port of Liverpool, for example, rose from a population of a couple of thousand to many tens of thousands in the space of a century. As a result, these towns became hotbeds of disease and depredation, prompting a debate in Britain about public health. Its important to remember that science wasnt as advanced as today, so people didnt know exactly what was going wrong, and the speed of changes was pushing government and charities structures in new and strange ways. But there was always a group of people who looked at the new stresses on the new urban workers and were willing to campaign to solve them. The Problems of Town Life in the Nineteenth Century Towns tended to be segregated by class, and working-class neighborhoods where the everyday laborer lived had the worst conditions. As the governing classes lived in different areas they never saw these conditions, and protests from the workers were ignored. Housing was generally bad and made worse by the numbers of people constantly arriving in cities. The most common housing pattern was high-density back-to-back structures which were poor, damp, badly ventilated with few kitchens and many sharing a single tap and privy. In this overcrowding, disease spread easily. 1829 George Cruikshank editorial cartoon illustrating the explosive growth of London. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images There was also inadequate drainage and sewerage, and what sewers there were tended to be square, stuck in the corners, and built of porous brick. Waste was frequently left in the streets and most people shared privies which emptied into cesspits. What open spaces there were also tended to be filled with rubbish, and the air and water were polluted by factories and slaughterhouses. The satirical cartoonists of the day didnt have to imagine a hell to illustrate in these cramped, poorly designed cities. Consequently, there was much illness, and in 1832 one doctor said only 10% of Leeds was actually in full health. In fact, despite technological developments, the death rate rose, and infant mortality was very high. There was also a range of common diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, and after 1831, cholera. The terrible working environments created new occupational hazards, such as lung disease and bone deformities. The 1842 report by the British social reformer Edwin Chadwick called Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring  Population of Great Britain showed that the life expectancy of an urban dweller was less than that of a rural one, and this was also affected by class. Why Public Health Was Slow to Be Dealt With Before 1835, town administration was weak, poor and too impotent to meet the demands of new urban life. There were few representative elections to produce forums for people who were worse off to speak, and there was little power in the hands of town planners, even after such a job was created by necessity. Revenues tended to be spent on large, new civic buildings. Some regions had chartered boroughs with rights, and others found themselves governed by a lord of the manor, but all these arrangements were too out-of-date to deal with the speed of urbanization. Scientific ignorance also played a role, as people simply didn’t know what caused the diseases that afflicted them. There was self-interest too, as builders wanted profits, not better quality housing, and the government-held a deep prejudice about the poors worthiness of efforts. Chadwick’s influential sanitary report of 1842 divided people into ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ parties and some people believed Chadwick wanted the poor to be made clean against their will Government attitudes also played a role. It was commonly thought that the laissez-faire system, in which governments didn’t interfere in the lives of adult men, was the only reasonable system, and it was only late in the process that government became willing to undertake reform and humanitarian action. The prime motivation then was cholera, not ideology. The Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 In 1835 a commission was appointed to look into municipal government.  It was badly organized, but the report published was deeply critical of what it called ‘chartered hogsties.’ A law with limited effect was passed, but newly created councils were given few powers and were expensive to form. Nevertheless, this wasnt a failure, as it set the pattern for the English government and made possible the later public health acts. Beginnings of the Sanitary Reform Movement A group of doctors wrote two reports in 1838 on the living conditions in London’s Bethnal Green. They drew attention to the connection between unsanitary conditions, disease, and pauperism. The Bishop of London then called for a national survey. Chadwick, a force in all things public service in the mid-eighteenth century, mobilized the medical officers provided by the Poor Law and created his 1842 report which highlighted the problems associated with class and residence. It was damning and sold a huge number of copies. Amongst its recommendations were an arterial system for clean water and the replacement of improvement commissions by a single body with power.  Many objected to Chadwick and some wags in the government claimed they preferred cholera to him. As a result of Chadwick’s report, though, the Health of Towns Association was formed in 1844, and branches all over England researched and published on their local conditions. Meanwhile, the government was recommended to introduce public health reforms by other sources in 1847. By this stage, some municipal governments had acted on their own initiative and passed private acts of Parliament to force through changes. Cholera Highlights the Need A cholera epidemic left India in 1817 and reached Sunderland in late 1831; London was affected by February 1832. Fifty percent of all cases proved fatal. Some towns set up quarantine boards, and they promoted whitewashing (cleaning clothing with chloride of lime) and speedy burials, but they were targeting disease under the miasma theory that disease was caused by floating vapors rather than the unrecognized infectious bacterium. Several leading surgeons recognized that cholera prevailed where sanitation and drainage were poor, but their ideas for improvement were temporarily ignored. In 1848 cholera returned to Britain, and the government resolved that something had to be done. The Public Health Act of 1848 The first Public Health act was passed in 1848 based on the recommendations of a Royal Commission. The act created a central Board of Health with a five-year mandate, to be considered for renewal at the end of that period. Three commissioners, including Chadwick, and a medical officer were appointed to the board. Wherever the death rate was worse than 23/1000, or where 10% of ratepayers requested assistance, the board would send an inspector to  authorize the town council to carry out duties and form a local board. These authorities would have powers over drainage, building regulations, water supplies,  paving, and rubbish. Inspections were to be carried out, and loans could be given. Chadwick took the opportunity to push his new interest in sewer technology to the local authorities. The act did not have much potency, because while it had the power to appoint boards and inspectors, that wasnt required, and local works were frequently held up by legal and financial obstacles. It was, however, much cheaper to set up a board than previously, with a local one costing just  £100. Some towns ignored the national board and set up their own private committees to avoid central interference. The central board worked hard, and between 1840 and 1855 they posted a hundred thousand letters, although it lost much of its teeth when Chadwick was forced from office and a switch to annual renewal was made. Overall, the act is considered to have failed as the death rate remained the same, and the problems remained, but it did establish a precedent for government intervention. Public Health after 1854 The central board was disbanded in 1854. By the mid-1860s, the government had come to a more positive and interventionist approach, spurred on by the 1866 cholera epidemic that clearly revealed the flaws in the earlier act. A set of innovations aided the progress, as in 1854 English physician John Snow showed how cholera could be spread by a water pump, and in 1865 Louis Pasteur demonstrated his germ theory of disease. The ability to vote was expanded to the urban working class in 1867, and politicians now had to make promises regarding public health to gain votes. Local authorities also began to take more of a lead. The 1866 Sanitary Act forced towns to appoint inspectors to check that water supplies and drainage were adequate. The 1871 Local Government Board Act placed public health and the poor law in the hands of empowered local governmental bodies and came about because of an 1869 Royal Sanitary Commission which recommended strong local government. 1875 Public Health Act In 1872 there was a Public Health Act, which split the country into sanitary areas, each of which had a medical officer. In 1875 Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli saw that several acts aimed at social improvements were passed, such as a new Public Health Act and an Artisan’s Dwellings Act. A Food and Drink Act was passed to attempt to improve diet. This set of public health acts rationalized previous legislation and was extremely influential. Local authorities were made responsible for a range of public health issues and given the powers to enforce decisions, including sewage, water, drains, waste disposal, public works, and lighting. These acts marked the beginning of a genuine, workable public health strategy, with responsibility shared between the local and national government, and the death rate finally began to fall. Further improvements were boosted by scientific discoveries. Koch discovered micro-organisms and separated out germs, including tuberculosis in 1882 and cholera in 1883. Vaccines were developed. Public health can still be a problem, but the changes in the role of government established in this period, both perceived and actual, are mostly ingrained into the modern consciousness and provide a working strategy to ameliorate problems as they arise.

Corporate Level Strategy - 1199 Words

APPLE COMPUTER INC.: - CORPORATE-LEVEL STRATEGY REVIEW - A review on the strategy adopted by Apple Inc. at corporate level to ensure that the company remains at the forefront of the electronic media industry either in terms of innovation and range of products . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An analysis was done on Corporate-Level Strategies adopted by Apple Computer Inc. (â€Å"Apple Computer†) that has brought tremendous success to the firm since it started. Apple Computer started off in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak producing the original Apple computer to hobbyist. This single product line later diversified to multi products to what Apple is known today i.e. iPhone, iPod, iPad, iTunes, iMac, iBook and Mac Computer. This report analyzes†¦show more content†¦THE CURVILINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIVERSIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE Thus a corporation/firm like Apple Computer in this case, needs to find and decides the optimum situation where it wants to operate by balancing between its related business and related business to achieve the optimum performance. And based on its performance since 2001, perhaps Apple has almost found the balance between the two. VALUE CREATING DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY Operational Related Sharing Activities Between Businesses Corporate Relatedness Transferring Core Competencies into Business High Low Low High Value creating diversification strategy is a set of specificShow MoreRelatedCorporate Level Strategies3226 Words   |  13 PagesCorporate Level Strategies Kinds of Grand Strategies: * Stability Strategies * Growth Strategies * Retrenchment Strategies * Combination Strategies Stability Strategies The basic approach is ‘maintain present course: steady as it goes.’ In an effective stability strategy, companies will concentrate their resources where the company presently has or can rapidly develop a meaningful competitive advantage in the narrowest possible product-market scope consistent with the firm’s resourcesRead MoreCorporate Level Strategies3217 Words   |  13 PagesCorporate Level Strategies Kinds of Grand Strategies: * Stability Strategies * Growth Strategies * Retrenchment Strategies * Combination Strategies Stability Strategies The basic approach is ‘maintain present course: steady as it goes.’ In an effective stability strategy, companies will concentrate their resources where the company presently has or can rapidly develop a meaningful competitive advantage in the narrowest possible product-market scope consistent with the firm’sRead MoreBusiness Level And Corporate Level Strategies 1974 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies   Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies   Analyze the business-level strategies for the corporation you chose to determine the business-level strategy you think is most important to the long-term success of the firm and whether or not you judge this to be a good choice. 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It tells about the level of diversification that suits business. In educational sector, an organizationRead MoreBusiness-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Essay2181 Words   |  9 PagesBusiness-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Tammie Bennett Professor Melissa Ekberg BUS499 Business Administration Capstone May 15, 2013 In this paper I will discuss Macy’s Incorporated by analyzing their business level strategies to determine which I think is the most important to their long term success and if I think it is a good choice. I will analyze their corporate level strategies to determine which I think is the most important and whether or not I believe it is a good choice.Read MoreCase Study : Corporate Level Strategy1234 Words   |  5 Pages99836 Chapter 9 1) Corporate level strategy is afraid with the strategic decisions a business makes that affect the entire organization. Financial performance, unions and achievements, human resource management and the distribution of resources are considered part of corporate level strategy. Usually senior manager makes strategy decision at corporate level. Units are identified as cost centers, profit centers or investment centers. Essentially, this suggests that corporate objectives can be broken

International Terrorism And Domestic Terrorism Essay

Terrorism is all over the current headlines, but some of the very worst attacks happened 15 years ago in the United States; this occurrence brought around many changes of policies inside the U.S. but also policies in the U.S. regarding other foreign countries. It brings fear and terror to many of its victims and is an extremely dangerous national threat. There are mainly two kinds of terrorism that people can be affected by: International terrorism and domestic terrorism. Both of these can be described by the general definition of terrorism. Terrorism is violent acts that are dangerous to human life and that break federal or state law (What we Investigate: Terrorism). These acts appear to be intended to frighten or force civilian people, to affect the procedure of a government by pressure or force, or to affect the behavior of a government by much destruction, assassination, or kidnapping. The main differences between the two different kinds are that international terrorism occurs outside of the national authority of the U.S. Domestic terrorism occurs within the national authority of the U.S. (What we Investigate: Terrorism). Some of the main motives for terrorism are revenge, religion/beliefs, and political grievances (Grothaus). In the case of 9/11 it was motives of opposition against what the United States believed in. There were also other reasons which include: the Gulf war in the 1990s, American support for Israel, and U.S. military presence in the Middle EastShow MoreRelatedDomestic Terrorism And International Terrorism1335 Words   |  6 Pagesnews but our everyday reality. Terrorism has been another problem, terrorism is nothing new and has always been present but after the 09/11 attack it has been increasing throughout the years. 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Communication Plan For Monitor Limited †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication Plan For Monitor Limited. Answer: Name of the role this key worker plays in the organization- Public Relations Manager What is needed to be prepared- Before the recruitment of this important position there should be due considerations about what are the expected outcomes from this particular post. The Public Relationships manager is expected to perform functions like maintaining a relationship with other companies and the public at large, and manage the media (Seitel 2017). Therefore, preparation should be made to accommodate such a post and proper mechanism to recruit the perfect person. Draft Advertisement- Job Descriptions- We are searching for a committed Public Relations Manager (PR Manager). You will ensure that general society interchanges of our organization line up with industry/administrative norms and show the organization in a positive light. Job Expectations- Monitor limited time and promoting materials for the best possible word use and tone. Monitor the subject matters in public statements and media packages (Grunig 2013). Guarantee that the corporate image is looked after every now and then. Direct subject matter conveyed on the official website and web-based social networking outlets. Plan viable correspondence approaches and media relations programs, including technique, budget, and objectives. Discover brilliant media positions in print, audiovisual, and on the web. Satisfy requirement of information from the media, the general population, as well as law authorization (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig 2013). Keep up associations with nearby government, legislators, and columnists. Contract, prepare, and oversee subordinates on the advertising group. Compose content for addresses, hearings, and other legitimately delicate engagements. Job benefits- X compensation, X holidays, individual and parental leave, senior care, medical coverage, retirement designs, proficient improvement Job Requirements- X year(s) experience of working in advertising. An established reputation of overseeing effective PR activities. Proper knowledge and associations in all kind of media. Ability to rapidly audit a lot of composed advertisement matters. Capacity to assemble and create strong industry connections. Capacity to keep up the respectability of delicate communications. Phenomenal verbal and written correspondence in English language. X degree in Communication, Marketing, or pertinent fields. Outline of the Recruitment Process- The recruitment process will start with an advertisement of recruitment in the relevant media like newspapers, social media and job websites. The CVs that will be sent by the interested candidates will be shortlisted and then the shortlisted candidates will be called for interview. There will be three rounds of interview, comprising of the personal interview of initial phase, the group discussion and the final detailed interview (Arthur 2012). The total process will be kept closely monitored by the higher management and it will be ensured that only the best candidate is recruited. Types of media used and reason- Two types of media will be used to advertise the recruitment advertisement, the print media and the internet. In the print media advertisement will be printed in the classified section. In the internet the advertisement will be posted both in the social media and in the advertisement sites. Newspaper will help in reaching the mass who may not be accessing the job sites and to whom the social media advertisements may not reach. The social media will be used to reach the young population who are well versed with the subject (Madera 2012). The job advertisement sites will be used to target the niche audience who are looking specifically for the job (Nikolaou 2014). What should be done after applications are received- After the applications are received and the CVs are stored in the database of the company the HR executives will be appointed to shortlist the CVs according to the need of the job. All the CVs will be carefully examined so that no capable and good candidate is overlooked. After the shortlisting of the candidate is done according to the job requirement they will be emailed and called for the interview in person on a particular date. On the interview date the candidates will appear in the venue submit their CV and wait for their turn for the initial interview. In the initial interview the overall perspective of the candidate will be obtained followed by group discussion round and lastly the final round. How the interview process will be managed- The applicants when will appear in the interview location they will be told to submit their CV and wait for their first phase personal interview. In the first interview a number of HR executives will interview the candidates to understand their public relation knowledge and overall abilities. The next phase will include the shortlisted candidates from the first round to take part in group discussion. Group discussion will reveal the candidates interpersonal skills and their ability to highlight their own point of view in a crowd (Breaugh 2013). The shortlisted candidates from this phase will be taken to the detailed final personal interview in which the HR manager will take a detailed interview to test the interpersonal, knowledge and practical skills of the person. There will be marking in each round, the best candidate with highest marks will be selected. Types of questions to be asked- Which media companies do you keep a track of? Which PR companies do you respect and why? Discuss the contrast amongst PR and advertisement roles. How would you coordinate online networking with PR? How does PR bolster content promoting? How might you introduce the consequences of your work? What might you consider to be your most innovative or compelling effort in campaigning? What might you do if a customer or supervisor couldn't help contradicting your PR methodology?Portray a period you needed to oversee negative media consideration. Portray a period your PR strategy were misjudged by your intended interest group. How could you deal with it? How have you functioned with a group to deal with a PR emergency? Who are the present colleagues of the team you have worked in? What are their particular roles? Depict a period you prepared or tutored an associate. What do you think about our company? For what reason would you like to work here? What's intriguing about our present PR work? What might you change? Notifications about decision to everyone- The final decision will be notified to the candidates via email communication. Even the people who were not selected will be thanked for participating in the interview process. The internal employees will be communicated about the new recruitment by email communication so that everyone in the company knows that there has been a new person in the company. Post Recruitment Communication plans- After the recruitment of the manager in the Public Relationship department, the communication strategy will be explained in details to the person. Existing literatures in the company bout the communication strategies that the company has historically performed will be given to the person and the top management will conduct a meeting to explain in details the position of the company in the present market scenario (Arthur 2012). The new manager will be having orientation session with the different managers of different departments of the company so that the person can communicate about the company in the most efficient way to the general public and to all the stakeholders (Smith 2013). Reference: Arthur, D., 2012.Recruiting, interviewing, selecting orienting new employees. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Breaugh, J.A., 2013. Employee recruitment.Annual review of psychology,64, pp.389-416. Cascio, W., 2018.Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Madera, J.M., 2012. Using social networking websites as a selection tool: The role of selection process fairness and job pursuit intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), pp.1276-1282. Nikolaou, I., 2014. Social networking web sites in job search and employee recruitment.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,22(2), pp.179-189. Seitel, F.P., 2017.Practice of Public Relations. Pearson Education. Smith, R.D., 2013.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge.

Rubens Essay Example For Students

Rubens Essay Peter Paul Rubens is considered one of the most important Flemish painters of the 17th century. His style became an international definition of the animated, exuberantly sensuous aspects of baroque painting. Combining the bold brushwork, luminous color, and shimmering light of the Venetian school with the fervent vigor of Michelangelos art and the formal dynamism of Hellenistic sculpture, Rubens created a vibrant art, its pulsating energies emanating from tensions between the intellectual and emotional, the classical and the romantic. For 200 years the vitality and eloquence of his work influenced such artists as Antoine Watteau, in the early 18th century,and Eugne Delacroix and Pierre Auguste Renoir, in the 19th century. Rubenss father, Jan Rubens, was a prominent lawyer and Antwerp alderman. Having converted from Catholicism to Calvinism, Jan Rubens in 1568 fled Flanders with his family because of persecutions against Protestants. In 1577 Peter Paul was born in exile at Siegen, Westphalia (now in Germany), also the birthplace of his brother Philip and his sister Baldina. There, their father had become the adviser and lover of Princess Anna of Saxony, wife of Prince William I of Orange (William the Silent). On the death of Jan Rubens in 1587, his widow returned the family to Antwerp, where they again became Catholics. After studying the classics in a Latin school and serving as a court page, Peter Paul decided to become a painter. He apprenticed in turn with Tobias Verhaecht, Adam van Noort, and Otto van Veen, called Vaenius, three minor Flemish painters influenced by 16th-century Mannerist artists of the Florentine-Roman school. The young Rubens was as precocious a painter as he had earlier been a scholar of modern European languages and of classical antiquity. In 1598, at the age of 21, he was accorded the rank of master painter of theAntwerp Guild of St. Luke. Following the example of many northern European artists of the period, Rubens felt drawn by necessity to travel to Italy, the center of European art for the previous two centuries. In 1600 he arrived in Venice, where he was particularly inspired by the paintings of Titian, Paolo Veronese, and Tintoretto. Later, while resident in Rome, he was influenced by the works of Michelangelo and Raphael, as well as by ancient Greco-Roman sculpture. Vincenzo Gonzaga (reigned 1587-1612), the duke of Mantua, employed Rubens for about nine years. Besides executing original works, Rubens copied Renaissance paintings for the ducal collection, and in 1605 he served as the dukes emissary to King Philip III of Spain. During his years in Italy, Rubens saw the early baroque works of the contemporary Italian painters Annibale Carracci and Caravaggio, and he associated with some of the leading humanist intellectuals of the day. When Rubens left Italy, he was no longer a bourgeois but a gentleman, and he was not a local artist but one of international style and reputation. His mothers death in 1608 brought Rubens back to Antwerp, where he married Isabella Brant in 1609. Having formulated one of the first innovative expressions of the baroque style while in Italy, Rubens on his return was recognized as the foremost painter of Flanders and, therefore,was immediately employed by the burgomaster of Antwerp. His success was further confirmed in 1609, when he was engaged as court painter to the Austrian archduke Albert and his wife, the Spanish infanta Isabella, who together ruled the Low Countries as viceroys for the king of Spain. The number of pictures requested from Rubens was so large that he established an enormous workshop in which the master did the initial sketch and final touches, while his apprentices completed all the intermediary steps. Besides court commissions from Brussels and abroad, the highly devout Rubens was much in demand by the militant Counter Reformation church of Flanders, which regarded his dramatic, emotionally charged interpretations of religious events-such as the Triptych of the Raising of the Cross (1610-11, Antwerp Cathed ral)-as images for spiritual recruitment and renewal. .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd , .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .postImageUrl , .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd , .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd:hover , .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd:visited , .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd:active { border:0!important; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd:active , .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3636428cf0bcf7bbcab69eb9ad32fafd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lady Macbeth Essay Prosperity allowed Rubens to build an Italianate residence in Antwerp, where he housed his extensive collection of art and antiquities. Between 1622 and 1630 Rubenss value as a diplomat was equal to his importance as a painter.In 1622 he visited Paris, where the French queen Marie de Mdicis commissioned him, for the Luxembourg Palace, to depict her life in a series of allegorical paintings (completed 1625). Despite the keen loss Rubens felt after the death of his wife in 1626, he continued to be highly productive. In 1628 he was sent by the Flemish viceroys to Spain. While in Madrid he received several commissions from King Philip IV of Spain, who made him secretary of his Privy Council. Rubens also served as a mentor to the young Spanish painter Diego Velzquez. After a delicate diplomatic mission to London in 1629, he was knighted by a grateful King Charles I of England, for whom he executed several paintings. For Charles, Rubens also made the preliminary sketches (finished in Antwerp, 1636) for the ceiling mural in the Whitehall Palace Banqueting Hall. From 1630, when he married Hlne Fourment, until his death on May 30, 1640, Rubensremained in Antwerp, living primarily at Castle Steen, his country residence. During this final decade he continued executing commissions for the Habsburg monarchs of Austria and Spain. More and more, he also painted pictures of personal interest, especially of his wife and child and of the Flemish countryside. The concerns of Rubenss late style, and indeed of his whole career, are summarized in The Judgment of Paris (circa 1635-37, National Gallery, London). In this painting voluptuous goddesses are posed against a verdant landscape, goddesses and landscape both symbolizing the richness of creation. Color is luxuriant, light and shade glow, and the brushwork is sensuous. All these elements further the meaning of the narrative, which is Pariss selection of what is most beautiful-the lifelong concern of Rubens in his art.

Human Resource Management Workplace Shortages and the Related Issues

Introduction In the competitive environment of the XXI century globalized business field, the problem of lacking workforce might seem a very far-fetched issue; however, weirdly enough, workplace shortages have become a commonly observed phenomenon over the past few decades.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Human Resource Management: Workplace Shortages and the Related Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fighting Workplace Shortages: Strategies Needless to say, a number of strategies preventing the given phenomenon from taking over the business world have been tested, yet none seems to have had any tangible effect on the issue. As reports say, among the most common measures, the following strategies have been spotted: Raising the retirement age (Australian government); Workplace mentoring (Jones, 2012). Workplace mentoring Being the most promising strategy of all three mentioned above, workplace mentoring ca n be defined as establishing the specific models of behavior for the employees to follow in order to remain competent, growing both professionally and personally, and deal with the lack of enthusiasm or creativity (French, 2011, 136). With the help of mentoring, employers will be able to bring the rates of workplace shortages down and manage to keep their more integrated, more invested in their work, and more enthusiastic about the future prospects. Benefits of workplace mentoring According to what the recent researches say, the key asset of the specified approach is that it makes the employees perfect their skills without setting very competitive environment (Gallagher Metcaff, 2012). Instead of stressing the fact of rivalry in a specified business field, employers offer their subordinates an example of organizational behavior that they would like to see, which works surprisingly well. Disadvantages of workplace mentoring It is important to mention, though, that workplace mentorin g also presupposes dealing with a number of complexities and overcoming numerous obstacles for both employees and employers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Disadvantages for employers and acceptable solutions The latter are most likely to face the following negative aftereffects of the provided strategy: Employees’ unwillingness to change. Motivation has always been an issue for any company, and the Australian entrepreneurships are no exception. Thus, it will be necessary to introduce a motivation enhancing strategy together with the chosen change design (Griffin O’Leary-Kelly, 2004). Inability to establish a proper model of organizational behavior. By conducting an analysis of the roles of an employee and a company leader as interpreted in the present-day literature, one will be able to come up with a working model for organizational behavior (Aamodt, 2 012). Disadvantages for employees and acceptable solutions Meanwhile, employees will most likely have the following complexities to deal with when getting accustomed to the new demands: Increase in competition. No matter how the HRM team, the managers and the company leader might strive to promote togetherness among the employees, the latter will still compare their skills among each other, which will eventually lead to competition. It is important to note that competition is not necessarily a negative phenomenon; when it is not accelerating, it can be used to fuel the employees’ enthusiasm. However, once rivalry gets out of hand, promoting knowledge sharing and other principles of a friendly tam becomes impossible (Dalkir, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Human Resource Management: Workplace Shortages and the Related Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stress from both coping with work and trying to meet the new demands. Conclusion The necessity to follow the new rules and adapt to a new environment will necessarily create a stressful atmosphere, which is bound to bring the performance levels down for a while. Therefore, the company leader will have to set his/her priorities straight and figure out if the company is ready for having the working process slowed down temporarily. That being said, it is clear that mentoring alone will hardly be of any effect. It is only with the efforts of the company’s leader that the reasons for further growth will appear. Reference List Aamodt, M. G. (2012). Industrial/organizational psychology: An applied approach. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Dalkir, K. (2005). Knowledge management in theory and practice. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann. French, R. (2011). Organizational behavior. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Gallagher, B. J., Metcaff, F. (2012). Being Buddha at work: 108 ancient truths on change, stress, money and success. San Francisco, CA: Berrett–Coehler Publishers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Griffin, R. W. O’Leary-Kelly, A. (2004). The dark side of organizational behavior. New York, NY: Jossey-Bass. Jones, A. (2012). Workplace mentoring: Reference guide. Victoria, AU: Shea. This report on Human Resource Management: Workplace Shortages and the Related Issues was written and submitted by user Casey Carter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay On Racial Discrimination

Sample Essay On Racial DiscriminationThe sample essay outline about racial discrimination has the same objective and goal as the sample essay on how to write a thesis. In both the samples, the idea is to examine and analyze various racial discrimination issues in order to find the most appropriate response. Therefore, both the sample essays on race discrimination and the thesis samples are used to discover the appropriate methods of teaching.One of the most common ideas of how the white and black communities handle discrimination is to discuss the matter in black and white. Black and white only make this a viable option because it is also known as monochrome. The black and white only method is the only way that these discrimination issues can be discussed properly. Another reason why this method is chosen is that it provides a way to demonstrate the color of one's skin because in this case, the colors black and white are considered to be different shades of the same color.The other m ethod is the black and yellow only method. With this method, the writing must deal with color as well as ethnicity. People who belong to the black community will write in black and yellow colors while people who belong to the yellow community will write in black and yellow colors. This method has its own benefits, since it allows people to enjoy the benefits of sharing their views on race discrimination.The sample essay outline about racial discrimination deals with two distinct groups - the white and the black community. Both communities were created by random and unplanned. Neither one is superior or inferior in terms of the nature of their existence.These samples focus on the history of racism. This explains the mentality of people who took part in the segregation of races. It also explains the fears that people have when discussing such issues. It is hard to understand the reasons behind the violence and discrimination.Some examples of a thesis sample can be those written by stu dents who were present during the time of the civil rights movement, when the white supremacy was at its peak. This period of time also included incidents of extreme racial discrimination. Students write in this sample about instances of black people being put into a prison camp because they were deemed criminals due to their African American heritage. Others in this sample write about the police beating of a white man in Tennessee who was wearing what was considered a 'black' shirt.A student who wants to know how to write a thesis about racial discrimination can also consider using a sample essay. Students in other courses may want to use a sample as well. However, they should do so with caution. Using a sample may seem easy but there are certain issues that it does not include.A sample also does not deal with the difficulty of one's brain when dealing with racial discrimination. It is a good tool for students who want to write a thesis about discrimination but they must deal with the problems that come with it as well. A student who wants to know how to write a thesis about racial discrimination must also be prepared to research on their own.